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The history of ''Kosovo is intertwined with the histories of its neighbouring regions. The name ''Kosovo'' is derived from the Kosovo Plain, where the Battle of Kosovo was fought between Serbia and the Ottoman Empire. Kosovo's modern history can be traced to the Ottoman Sanjak of Prizren, of which parts were organized into Kosovo Vilayet in 1877. In antiquity, Dardania covered the area, which formed part of the larger Roman province of Moesia in the 1st century AD. In the Middle Ages, the region became part of the Bulgarian Empire, the Byzantine Empire and the Serbian medieval states. It was then conquered by the Ottoman Empire an exact 70 years after the Battle of Kosovo. In 1913 the Kosovo Vilayet was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia, which in 1918 became part of Yugoslavia. Kosovo gained autonomy in 1963 under Josip Broz Tito's direction, an autonomy which was significantly extended by Yugoslavia's 1974 Constitution, but lost its autonomous institutions in 1990. In 1999 UNMIK stepped in to protect Kosovo, in response to extensive human rights abuses by Serb forces. On 17 February 2008 Kosovo's Parliament declared independence, as the Republic of Kosovo, with partial recognition of that declaration. == Early history == During the Neolithic Period, Kosovo lay within the areal of the Vinča-Turdaş culture which is characterised by West Balkan black and grey pottery. The Bronze Age begins c. 1900 BC, and the Iron Age begins c. 1300 BC. Bronze and Iron Age tombs have been found only in Rrafshi i Dukagjinit, and not in Kosovo.〔Djordje Janković: (Middle Ages in Noel Malcolm's "Kosovo. A Short History" and Real Facts )〕 In the 4th century BC, the area was in the eastern parts of Illyria which borderd on Thrace. At that time it was inhabited by the Thraco-Illyrian tribes of the Dardani, by Celts〔(Naissos )〕 and the Thracian tribe of the Triballi. The region of Illyria was conquered by Rome in 168 BC, and made into the Roman province of Illyricum in 59 BC. The Kosovo region probably became part of Moesia Superior in AD 87, although archaeological evidence suggests that it may have been divided between Dalmatia and Moesia.〔 After 284 Diocletian further divided Upper Moesia into the smaller provinces of Dardania, Moesia Prima, Dacia Ripensis, and Dacia Mediterranea. Dardania's capital was Naissus, previously a Celtic settlement.〔 The Roman province of Dardania included eastern parts of modern Kosovo, while its western part belonged to the newly formed Roman province of Prevalitana with its capital Doclea. The Romans colonized the region and founded several cities. The Hunnic invasions of 441 and 447-49 were the first barbarian invasions which saw a barbarian ability to take Eastern Roman fortified centers and cities. Most Balkan cities were sacked by Attila, and their riches (and useful slaves) taken, and recovered only partially if at all. While there is no direct written evidence of Hunnic invasion of Kosovo, its economic hinterland will anyway have been affected for centuries.〔Peter Heather, ''The Fall of the Roman Empire'', 2005, pp. 325-350)〕 Justinian I, who assumed the throne of the Byzantine Empire in 527, oversaw a period of Byzantine expansion into former Roman territories, and re-absorbed the area of Kosovo into the empire. Historian George Philip Baker considers him to be the last Roman emperor because his native tongue was Latin and he was the last emperor to attempt reuniting the Latin-speaking West with the East.〔Baker, George Philip: ''Justinian: The Last Roman Emperor'', Cooper Square Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8154-1217-7〕 Slavic migrations to the Balkans took place between the 6th to 7th centuries. In the absence of written or archaeological evidence of genocide or mass relocation of existing populations, it may be assumed that the genetic origins of the Slavic-speaking populations today include large elements of pre-existing populations, who adopted Slav languages for economic or social reasons; and genetic studies on Serbs seem to confirm this. (The haplogroup E1b1b1a2-V13 has its highest frequency in Kosovo, its second highest in Albania, and its third highest in Serbia).〔Pericić, M; Lauc, LB; Klarić, IM; Rootsi, S; Janićijevic, B; Rudan, I; Terzić, R; Colak, I et al. (2005). "High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations". Molecular Biology and Evolution 22 (10): 1964–75. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi185. PMID 15944443〕〔Battaglia, Vincenza et al. (2008). "Y-chromosomal evidence of the cultural diffusion of agriculture in southeast Europe". European Journal of Human Genetics 17 (6): 6. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.249. PMC 2947100. PMID 19107149〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Kosovo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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